5.4 Member buckling data

This special local setting can be defined via item Member buckling data ( tree Concrete > 1D member ) and contains parameters for calculation buckling data.

After selection of a 1D member  the dialog  Buckling data is displayed and local settings may be changed and confirmed.

After definition of this local setting, graphical mark (label) is displayed. By clicking on this mark user can edit the appropriate parameters in member properties window. This local setting is additional data on the member, it means that this data can be edit only with using graphical marks (label). The graphical mark (label) is possible to switch OFF/ON through the group Member buckling data in tab-sheet Model in dialog View parameters setting.

Graphical label

Properties window

There are following possibilities for calculation effective length or coefficients of effective length (buckling coefficients):

The stability calculation has to be done before definition of coefficients from stability analysis. The user can define:

                   The  effective length will be calculated by using Euler’s formula

where

EI

bending stiffness of the column around axis, for which the effective length is calculated

N

Normal forces at column, which can be determined according to  setting in combo box Normal force for ky, kz

l

critical load coefficient

lo

effective length of the column around axis

The critical load coefficient can be calculated by linear or nonlinear stability calculation and number of critical values can be set in Solver setup. The detailed description of this calculation is in [3].

       

There is supported following possibilities for calculation effective length factor in ACI code for possibility Default from LIB manager:

The detailed description of inputting buckling data and way of calculation buckling data (effective length factor) are described in  [2]. There is described general functionality, but calculation effective length factor for method Code dependent (according to code ACI 318-05) is described in next chapter

The important parameter for calculation of buckling data is type of structure (braced or unbraced). The global type of structure can be set in concrete setup (tree Concrete > Design default > Design default > Default sway type (for columns and beams only)), see chapter "4.1 Concrete setup for 1D member". For example , the structures is braced perpendicular to y axis of GCS , if check box y-y is OFF (it means the structure is not prone to sway perpendicular to y axis)

5.4.1 Code dependent calculation of buckling coefficients

The effective length factor can be calculated according to clause 10.12.1 in ACI 318-05. The calculation of this factor depends on ratio of stiffness of compression members to a flexural members in plane, which are joined to head ( ψAy(z)) and foot ( ψBy(z))  of calculated compression member. These ratios can be input directly by the user via columns Psi A yy(zz) and  Psi B yy(zz)  (if Calculation Psi yy(zz) = Input ) or can be calculated automatically by the program (if Calculation Psi yy(zz) = Calculate )

Automatically calculation of these ratios depends on, if :

The way of calculation for different cases is in table below:

Only beams are linked to head and foot of columns

,  

  where 

Only standard support at head and foot of column

,

where

Only hinges defined at head or foot of column or in linked beams

 

where

Only 2D member (plate) are linked to head and foot of columns

,

 

Other cases (combination of linked member, support and hinges)

 

where

Stiffc,yy

stiffness about  y-axis of LCS  of all compression  members linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated column

Stiffc,zz

stiffness about  z-axis of LCS  of all compression  members linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated column  recalculated to unit area (unit is )

Stiffb,yy

stiffness about  all flexural members linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated about  y-axis of LCS  compression  members

Stiffb,zz

stiffness about  all flexural members linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated about  z-axis of LCS  compression  members

(EIy)c

flexural stiffness about  y-axis of LCS  of one compression member linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated column

(EIy)c = Ec·redc·Igy

(EIz)c

flexural stiffness about  z-axis of LCS  of compression members linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated column

(EIy)c = Ec·redc·Igy

lc

lengths of compression members linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated column measured center-to-center of the joints

(EI)b

flexural stiffness about  y-axis of LCS  of flexural members linked to the node at the head or foot of calculated column

(EI)b = Ec·redb·Igy(z)

lb

Span length of flexural member measured centre-to centre joints

Ig,y(z)

moment of inertia of gross concrete section about  y(z) centroidal axis of LCS neglecting reinforcement

Ec

modulus of elasticity of concrete

redb

Reduction factor of moment of inertia for beams, see chapter

redc

Reduction factor of moment of inertia for columns, see chapter

α

Angle between z-axis of LCS of calculated compression member and x-axis of LCS of flexural member

b

Angle between plane yz of LCS of calculated compression member and x-axis of LCS of flexural member

nsup,yy

Number of flexible or rigid support about y-axis of LCS  of compression member Maximum three direction are taken into account:

  • horizontal in direction of z-axis of LCS  of compression member (X,Y or Z depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • vertical in direction of x-axis of LCS  of compression member (X,Y or Z depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • bending about y-axis of LCS  of compression member (Rx, Ry or Rz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)

nsup,zz

Number of flexible or rigid support about z-axis of LCS  of compression member Only three direction are taken into account:

  • horizontal in direction of y-axis of LCS  of compression member (X,Y or Z depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • vertical in direction of x-axis of LCS  of compression member (X,Y or Z depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • bending about z-axis of LCS  of compression member (Rx, Ry or Rz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)

Stiffsup,x

Stiffness of flexible support in direction of x-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffsup,y

Stiffness of flexible support in direction of y-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffsup,z

Stiffness of flexible support in direction of z-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffsup,yy

Stiffness of flexible support about y-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffsup,zz

Stiffness of flexible support  about z-axis of LCS  of compression member

nhin,yy

Number of flexible or rigid hinge about y-axis of LCS of compression member defined in compression member or in linked beams. Maximum three direction are taken into account:

  • horizontal in direction of z-axis of LCS  of compression member (ux,uy or uz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • vertical in direction of x-axis of LCS  of compression member (ux,uy or uz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • bending about y-axis of LCS  of compression member (fx, fy or fz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member))

nhin,zz

Number of flexible or rigid hinge about z-axis of LCS  of compression member  defined in compression member or in linked beams. Maximum three direction are taken into account:

  • horizontal in direction of y-axis of LCS  of compression member (ux,uy or uz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • vertical in direction of x-axis of LCS  of compression member (ux,uy or uz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member)
  • bending about z-axis of LCS  of compression member (fx, fy or fz depending on orientation of GCS to LCS of compression member))

Stiffhin,x

Stiffness of flexible hinge in direction of x-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffhin,y

Stiffness of flexible hinge in direction of y-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffhin,z

Stiffness of flexible hinge in direction of z-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffhin,yy

Stiffness of flexible hinge about y-axis of LCS  of compression member

Stiffhin,zz

Stiffness of flexible hinge  about z-axis of LCS  of compression member

If the compression member is  linked to the 2D member, hinges defined at the head or foot of column are not taken into account for calculation value ψ ( value is always 0)

The value  ψ for only members linked to the to head and foot of compression member is calculated according to  clause 10.12.1 in ACI 318-05. In other cases the equations for calculation ψ was determined by analytic study and the value ψ is only approximate value. Therefore for more complicated cases the user value of ψ should be inputted.

Stiffness of flexible support and flexible hinge for rotation in US format in direction of local axis has to be recalculated to radian. It means that unit for this stiffness has to be kpi·in/rad

Stiffness of flexible support and flexible hinge in direction of local axis has to be recalculated to unit area. It means that unit for this stiffness has to be MN·m  or kpi·in

The values ψ about both axis’s and in head and foot of compression member are presented in numerical output of the service Concrete slenderness

 

In the tables below are calculations of value ψ in SEN and by manually calculation for three cases provided that orientation of GCS and local coordinate system is following:

Result from SEN (service Concrete slenderness)

 

Member B1 (only beams are linked to head and foot of compression member)

Input data:

Compression member (B1):

Iy = Iz = 5125,35 inch4, E = 4032 ksi, redc = 1

(EIy)c =(EIz)c = 20665411 kip·inch2, lc = 13,123 ft

Flexural member (B7):

Iy = Iz = 5125,354 inch4, E = 4032 ksi; redb = 1

(EIy)b =  20665411 kip·inch2, lc = 13,123 ft

α = 180 deg; β = 0 deg

Flexural member (B5):

Iy = 20968,3 inch4, E = 4032 ksi; redb = 1

(EIy)b =  84544185.6 kip·inch2, lc = 16,404 ft

α = 90 deg; β = 0 deg

 

Calculation:

+=131209kip· kip·inch

+=429485 kip·inch

  ; 

 

Member B8 (only standard support at head and foot of column)

Input data:

nsup,yy = 2 (support in direction z-axis of LCS [X=Rigid] and bending support about direction z-axis of LCS [Ry=Rigid] of compression member are rigid)

nsup,zz = 1 (support in direction y-axis of LCS [Y=Flexible] of compression member is flexible)

Stiffsup,x = 0 because [Z=Free]

Stiffsup,y =Stifness Y=57,1kip/inch = 88504,8 kip·inch because[Y=Flexible]

Stiffsup,z= 0 because [X=Rigid]

Stiffsup,yy = 0 because [Ry=Rigid]

Stiffsup,zz =0 because [Rx=Free]

 

Calculation:

=3

 

 

Member B9 (Only hinges defined at head or foot of column or in linked beams)

Input data:

nhin,yy = 2 (hinge in direction z-axis and in direction of x –axis of LCS of compression member are rigid)

nhin,zz = 3 (hinge in direction y-axis and in direction of x –axis of LCS of compression member are rigid and hinge  about direction z-axis of LCS] of compression member is flexible )

Stiffhin,x = 0 because [uz=Rigid for B10 and B11]

Stiffhin,y = 0 because [ux=Rigid for B10 and uy=Rigid for B11]

Stiffhin,z= 0 because[uy=Rigid for B10 and ux=Rigid for B11]

Stiffhin,yy = 0 because [fix=Rigid for B10 and fiy=Free for B11]

Stiffhin,zz =1544kipinch/deg = 88465 kipinch/rad because [fiy=Flexible for B10 and fix=Rigid for B11]

Calculation:

=3

=1.48

=4

1,79