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Inserting new reinforcement to a beam

New reinforcement can be defined using several commands with different function. Both simple beam and beam with variable cross-section can be handled using the same functions.

Tree menu commands

Tree menu Concrete or Concrete Advanced > 1D Member > Redes (without As) offers the following functions:

New reinforcement	This functions enables you to define both stirrups and main reinforcement to a given interval of selected beam.
New stirrups	This functions enables you to define stirrups to a given interval of selected beam.
New longitudinal reinforcement	This functions enables you to define the longitudinal reinforcement to a given interval of selected beam.
Add reinforcement around opening	This functions enables you to define both stirrups and main reinforcement around opening.

Toolbar commands

The toolbar above the command line offers the following functions for input of reinforcement.

$image\NewReinfWholeBeam.gif$	Starts function that inputs both shear and longitudinal reinforcement on the whole selected beam.
$image\NewReinfWholeSpan.gif$	Starts function that inputs both shear and longitudinal reinforcement on the whole span of the selected beam.
$image\NewReinfInterval.gif$	Starts function that inputs both shear and longitudinal reinforcement to the specified interval.
$image\NewReinfStirrupsBeam.gif$	Starts function that inputs shear reinforcement on the whole selected beam.
$image\NewReinfStirrupsSpan.gif$	Starts function that inputs shear reinforcement on the whole span of the selected beam.
$image\NewReinfStirrupsInterval.gif$	Starts function that inputs shear reinforcement to the specified interval.
$image\NewReinfBeam.gif$	Starts function that inputs longitudinal reinforcement on the whole selected beam.
$image\NewReinfStirrupsSpan.gif$	Starts function that inputs longitudinal reinforcement on the whole span of the selected beam.
$image\NewReinfFromTo.gif$	Starts function that inputs longitudinal reinforcement to the specified interval.
$image\NewReinfFrom.gif$	Starts function that inputs longitudinal reinforcement to the interval defined by the beginning of selected beam and user-defined point on the beam.
$image\NewReinfTo.gif$	Starts function that inputs longitudinal reinforcement to the interval defined by the end of selected beam and user-defined point on the beam.
$image\NewReinfAllOpening.gif$	Starts function that inputs both stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement around the selected opening.
$image\NewReinfStirrupOpening.gif$	Starts function that inputs stirrup reinforcement around the selected opening.
$image\NewReinfMainOpening.gif$	Starts function that inputs longitudinal reinforcement around the selected opening.

Before you insert any reinforcement

Before a new reinforcement can be inserted into a particular beam, it is advisable to review whether:

all the relevant parameters have been adjusted in Concrete > 1D member > Setup dialogue,
required member data have been specified using function Concrete > 1D member > Member data,
the member data specified for the beams that will be processed contain basic reinforcement (defined by number of bars at upper and lower surface) and if so, whether this reinforcement is to be transformed into real bars or discarded.

Command line syntax

When the program requires that you specify a position for the inputted reinforcement, you may do so using the mouse cursor. Moreover, you can also type the position in the command line. This numerical input has the following sntax.

[/][@][%]ddd

[/]	from the end of the beam
[@]	from the last point
[%]	point distance in percents of the beam-length
ddd	point distance in current length units

Parameters of reinforcement in the Reinforcement template manager

The Longitudinal template manager or Stirrup shape manager may open during the input of reinforcement. If this happens, they contain an additional item called "Parameters". This item is not present in the manager when it is open through function Libraries >Concrete, reinforcement > Longitudinal reinforcement or Libraries > Concrete, reinforcement > Stirrups.

This parameter controls whether the reinforcement parameters should be based on (i) the member data settings, or on (ii) the template.

This option covers the following data:

diameter of stirrups and longitudinal reinforcement,
cover,
number of cuts (i.e. number of legs), diameter of mandrel.

The above-mentioned data are defined both in the template and in the member data. The user may therefore decide which definition is relevant for the particular member.

Example

$image\ReinfExample.gif$

Reinforcement in a beam that linearly changes its cross-section, e.g. from rectangular to T-like

Let us assume a beam whose cross-section changes from a rectangle at one end to a T-section at the other end.

$image\VaryingCSS1.gif$

Even this type of beam can be reinforced using the tools available in the program. The reinforcement (in our example added more or less automatically without taking account of all possible detailing and other rules) can look for example like this:

End with rectangular cross-section

$image\VaryingCSS3.gif$

End with T-shape cross-section

$image\VaryingCSS4.gif$

Whole beam

$image\VaryingCSS2.gif$

The scheme of reinforcement for such a beam then contains two position numbers for the stirrups – one for the stirrup shape at one end (rectangle) and one for the stirrup shape at the second end of the beam (T-shape).

Sample procedures to input reinforcement

There are a large number of variants that may appear when you want to input the reinforcement. Complexity of the beam (simple beam, continuous beam, beam with variable cross-section, etc.), type of reinforcement (shear, longitudinal), presence of openings, etc. play their role in the input process. As a result, the procedure may be different (even significantly different) for each possible configuration. We present here a set of typical examples.

Simple (one-span) beam

The procedure to input reinforcement – simple beam, input of both shear and main reinforcement

Open service Concrete or Concrete Advanced .
Start function Add reinforcement on whole beam ( $image\NewReinfWholeBeam.gif$ ) .
Select the required member.
The Longitudinal reinforcement manager opens on the screen. It offers available templates for the shape of the cross-section of the selected member.
Select the required template.
Choose whether the parameters are to be taken from the template of from member data – see paragraph Parameters of reinforcement in the Reinforcement template manager above.
If necessary, open the editing dialogue for the template and modify whatever necessary.
Confirm the choice in the Longitudinal reinforcement manager with [OK].
The reinforcement is inserted and (depending on the adjustment of view parameters) displayed.

The procedure to input reinforcement – simple beam, stirrups already exist, input of main reinforcement

Open service Concrete or Concrete Advanced .
Start function Addlongitudinal reinforcement on whole beam ( $image\NewReinfBeam.gif$ ) .
Select the required member.
The dialogue for editing of the template of longitudinal reinforcement opens on the screen (the template is defined by the stirrups that has been already input).
Input the bars of longitudinal reinforcement.
Confirm with [OK].
The reinforcement is inserted and (depending on the adjustment of view parameters) displayed.

Prismatic continuous beam

The procedure to input reinforcement – prismatic continuous beam, input of shear reinforcement only

Let us assume a symmetrical two-span continuous beam (i.e. two spans of identical length).

Open service Concrete or Concrete Advanced.
Start function Addstirrups on whole beam ( $image\NewReinfStirrupsBeam.gif$ ) .
Select the required member.
The Stirrup shape manager opens on the screen.
Select the required template.
Choose whether the parameters are to be taken from the template of from member data – see paragraph Parameters of reinforcement in the Reinforcement template manager above.
If necessary, modify the template.
Confirm with [OK].
The reinforcement is inserted and (depending on the adjustment of view parameters) displayed.

Now, when you select the stirrups and click action button Edit stirrups distance, you can review that the program automatically created two stirrup zones – one for each span. The reason is that one stirrup zone cannot pass from one span to another.

If required, you may modify the generated zones in this dialogue.

Beam of variable cross-section

For this type of beams the program opens a special dialogue for input of reinforcement. This dialogue lists all the spans of the selected beam and enables the user to specify required parameters for each span separately.

Note: The layout of the dialogue (i.e. the number of columns) may differ depending on the particular configuration for which the reinforcement is being defined.

$image\REDESdialogue1.gif$

Span	(informative) Shows a short description of the span: number, tape of cross-section.
Start position	(informative) Shows the x-coordinate of the start-point of the span.
End position	(informative) Shows the x-coordinate of the end-point of the span.
Position without stirrups	(combo box) Depending on the shear reinforcement already inputted, this column shows intervals within the span where no shear reinforcement has been defined yet.
Template of reinforcement	(combo box + three-dot button) This column specifies the template of longitudinal reinforcement that will be used for the newly defined reinforcement. The combo box can be used to select the required template. The three-dot button can be used to input a new template.
Template of stirrup	(combo box + three-dot button) This column specifies the template of stirrups that will be used for the newly defined reinforcement. The combo box can be used to select the required template. The three-dot button can be used to input a new template.
Master stirrup zone	(combo box) If longitudinal reinforcement is being defined for a span where several stirrup zones with different type of stirrup have been defined, this column tells which stirrup shape is used to specify the position of the newly defined longitudinal reinforcement.
Position type	The positions can be expressed in absolute or relative coordinates.
Same stirrup template for same type of cross-section	It is possible to prescribe that the same cross-section must be reinforced using the same stirrup template.

The procedure to input reinforcement – continuous beam, variable cross-section, input of shear and main reinforcement

Open service Concrete or Concrete Advanced.
Start function Add reinforcement on whole beam ( $image\NewReinfWholeBeam.gif$ ) .
Select the required member.
Dialogue for the definition of reinforcement on several spans for selected member opens on the screen. As there is no reinforcement defined in the beam, the column "Position without stirrups" contains just one interval for each span (the interval is equal to the whole span). The column Template of reinforcement offers available templates of longitudinal reinforcement. If necessary, a new template can be defined through the three-dot button.
Select or define the required templates for individual spans.
Confirm with [OK].

The procedure to input reinforcement – three-span continuous beam, variable cross-section, already partially reinforced (first span with two stirrup zones: total length of the two zones shorter than the span length, each zone uses different stirrup shape; second span with one stirrup zone shorter than the span length and main reinforcement; third span without any reinforcement), input of main reinforcement, overlapping of stirrups allowed

Open service Concrete or Concrete Advanced.
Start function Addlongitudinal reinforcement on whole beam ( $image\NewReinfBeam.gif$ ) .
Select the required member.
The program issues a warning that stirrup zones already exist and whether you want to create new zones. Say "yes".
Dialogue for the definition of reinforcement on several spans for selected member opens on the screen. As the first span contains two different stirrup shapes, the input dialogue requires that the master stirrup zone be selected for the first span. There are stirrups defined for the third span, which means that no main reinforcement will be added to this span (the input of longitudinal reinforcement requires that stirrups must already exist).
Select the master stirrup zone.
Confirm with [OK].
The program opens dialogue for input of longitudinal reinforcement template for the cross-section of the first span. The dialogue contains the stirrup shape selected as a master.
Input the position of longitudinal bars.
Confirm with [OK].
The program opens dialogue for input of longitudinal reinforcement template for the cross-section of the first span. This time, the dialogue already contains some longitudinal reinforcement, because the second span was already partially reinforced.
Make necessary modifications. If you define no reinforcement here, no bars will be added. If you define some new bars here, they will extend over the whole length of the span.
Confirm with [OK].
The reinforcement is added to the beam.

Note: If the basic (assumed) reinforcement has been defined in the member data of the member-to-be-reinforced, it can be inserted automatically into the member. The user is asked by the program if they wish to do so.

Note: If the reinforcement has been inserted to an "arbitrary member" (i.e. to a member with several spans) and the length of the spans is being altered, the program checks what happens with the reinforcement. If the reinforcement can be modified correspondingly, the geometrical modification is performed. However, if the geometrical modification leads to the situation that some reinforcement would disappear or that the program cannot determine what to do with the reinforcement, the geometrical modification is not performed.

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